TNF and breast carcinoma: Only the EPIC-Varese study also reported results for IL-6 and TNF-α among premenopausal women and noted a higher breast cancer risk with increasing levels of IL-6 [RR1SD = 1.58 (1.02–2.46)] and TNF-α [RR1SD=1.81 (0.91–3.61)] [22].