Although, to our knowledge, comparative analysis of the levels of IL-6 or IFN-α in the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS)/EAE versus AD has not been performed in humans or mice, our findings are indicative of a stronger, more extensive response made by microglia to IL-6 and IFN-I, likely due to higher levels of these cytokines in the CNS, during autoimmunity and acute insult compared with neurodegenerative diseases. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.