Specifically, high levels of blood lead and NLRP3 rs4925650 GA/AA genotypes; high levels of blood cadmium and NLRP3 block 1 C-A-A-C haplotype, and low levels of plasma selenium and NLRP3 block 1 C-A-A-C haplotype significantly and multiplicatively interacted to increase the risk of CKD. Here, NLRP3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.