HMOX1 and chronic kidney disease: Evidence has shown that cadmium in the blood may inhibit heme oxygenase 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome49 or increase reactive oxygen species to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome48, and decreased eGFR6, which may jointly cause CKD pathogenesis52.