TNF and Hyperglycemia: Exposure of INS-1E cells to high glucose concentration to mimic chronic hyperglycemia (30 mM glucose for 48 h) or pro-inflammatory conditions (cytomix: 10 U/ml IL-1β, 500 U/ml TNF-α, and 100 U/ml IFN-γ for 24 h) led to a ~2-3 fold increase in REV-ERBα protein expression (Fig. 1A, B, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001).