ATM and cancer: The AJ population is known to be enriched for several rare germline variants in genes that predispose to cancer development, including BRCA1 and BRCA2. Furthermore, recently, a rare variant in ATM (11-108326169-C-T (GRCh38), p.Leu2307Phe) present in AJ populations at an allele frequency (AF) of 0.029, and in all other populations at AF < 0.0003 (https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/11-108326169-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r3), was found to confer a marked relative risk (OR 3–8) of development of LUAD [27].