MRC1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: MDMs were cocultured with EV (50 μg/mL) isolated from ESCC cell lines according to the process in Fig. 5A. The results in Fig. 5B showed that the percentage of M2 macrophages (CD14+CD206+) were higher in EC109 shNC-derived EV and KYSE150 IL-32β-derived EV groups, compared with EC109 shIL-32-derived EV and KYSE150 vector-derived EV control groups.