AIF1 and Hyperammonemia: The number and area of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive reactive astrocytes was increased following 1 h NH4Cl injection (Fig. 7, D–F), while the number of Iba1-positive microglia was not modified (Fig. 7, G and H), suggesting that acute hyperammonemia induced by this agent leads to astrocytic neuroinflammation.