These ATMs are a prominent source of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (20–22) and chemokines such as MCP1/CCL2 (17, 23) that are important contributors to insulin resistance and overall metabolic syndrome in obesity (7, 24). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.