USP15 and cancer: To verify the TCGA cancer data in those with primary lung cancer, we assessed the expression of USP15 in 41 patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [18, 19], including 25 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD, blue bars in Fig. 1D), 8 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC, red bars in Fig. 1D), and 8 patients with other lung cancers (green bars in Fig. 1D).