HMGCL and inflammatory bowel disease: Given the evident significance of ketogenic enzyme in ketogenesis, we first analyzed the expression levels of genes encoding ketogenic enzymes in public datasets of IBD samples and found that the mRNA levels of ACAT1, HMGCS2, and BDH1 were significantly decreased in the colonic mucosa from active IBD patients compared to healthy controls, while there was not significant difference in the mRNA level of HMGCL [34].