The cardiac sub-study will investigate whether any beneficial effect of bisoprolol is limited to those people with COPD with unrecognised heart disease as determined by risk stratification based on echocardiography and blood concentrations of Galectin, hs-cTnI, hs-CRP and NTproBNP [45]. The gene discussed is TNNI3; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.