Moreover, it was observed that frequency of promoter CpG dinucleotide methylation patterns of apoptosis (DAPK1 and RIZ1) and cell cycle related genes (p16INK4, RASSF1A and p14ARF) was significantly more in advanced stages of CML disease compared to early chronic phase disease. This evidence concerns the gene PRDM2 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.