PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In particular, ICIs targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and program cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are among the most promising regimens for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as demonstrated by increased progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and regulatory approval [4–8].