Taken together, BPTF may exert its oncogenic role in GC through differentially regulating downstream targets PPM1L, WKX6.3 and PIK3R3 (Fig. S2C), which was supported by the established association with carcinogenesis of PPM1L (Thean et al. 2010), WKX6.3 (Yoon et al. 2016) and PIK3R3 (Yu et al. 2015). Here, PPM1L is linked to gastric cancer.