TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Synthesized mainly by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages (Scheller et al., 2011; Schaper and Rose-John, 2015), as well as stimulated by other cytokines, especially IL-1 and TNF-α (Garbers et al., 2012), IL-6 is directly involved in the exacerbation of inflammation (Scheller et al., 2011), known as a “hyper-inflammatory state”, which causes intense acute lung injury in severe COVID-19 patients, which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Swaroopa et al., 2016).