Compared with the control groups (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87, low-quality evidence), GLP-1 receptor agonists (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.96, moderate-quality evidence) and with DPP-4 inhibitors (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86, low-quality evidence), SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of AKI events. Here, DPP4 is linked to acute kidney injury.