IL6 and coinfection: With respect to Plasmodium-helminth co-infections, helminths orient the immune response towards an anti-inflammatory pathway, while plasmodial infection is known to elicit a strong pro-inflammatory response [10,11]; filaria-helminth co-infection is associated with a low IL-10 level, whereas that of IL-6 was described to be lower in the case of Plasmodium-hookworm co-infection [12].