When 2 of these studies (57, 60) used anti-MIF antibodies, researchers observed decreased features of asthma but did not see the decrease in Th-2 cytokines and IgE levels; however, when Mif was genetically deficient (61) or when using a nonantibody MIF inhibitor like ISO-1 (39), the Th-2 cytokines and IgE were significantly reduced. Here, MIF is linked to asthma.