PCSK9 and atherosclerosis: The current guidelines for the management of ASCVD (4, 5) and dyslipidemia (6, 7) recommend optimizing statin therapy to achieve LDL-C goals based on individuals' ASCVD risks, and suggest additional use of ezetimibe or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors to attain lower LDL-C levels in population at higher ASCVD risks.