Nowadays, due to deep studying and enhanced understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and molecular profiling of bladder cancer, immunotherapies targeted at programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD−L1) have been developed over the past several years and expected to improve the survival outcome of patients with BCa in the future (12). Here, PDCD1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.