The GSEA of the transcriptomes of CLL cells for each patient also demonstrated significant increases at SC2 relative to SC1 in the expression of genes targeted by activation of ERK1/2, NF-κB, and non-canonical Wnt signaling [19, 21, 37–42] (Fig. 1D, Supplementary Table S1). Here, NFKB1 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.