Aiming to enhance the anti-leukemic activity of NK cells towards AML, primary NK cells derived from peripheral blood (PB) were genetically modified by lentiviral transduction to express a second-generation CD33-CAR using a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from the clinically tested antibody-conjugate AVE9633 (Fig. 1A) [28]. The gene discussed is CD33; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.