CD4 and infection: Similar upregulation of TRM-associated markers was also observed when unstimulated CD4+ T cells from tonsil (Figures 2N, 2O, and S4A) or mediastinal lymph nodes (Figures S4B and S4C) were infected with HIV-1 via cell-to-cell spread and exposed to IL-7, demonstrating that induction of this TRM-like phenotype occurs in tissue-derived T cells following HIV-1 cell-mediated infection.