Second, complementing the ΔVpr virus with Vpr in trans allowed for Vpr packaging into virions and delivery into cells without de novo Vpr synthesis during infection, and fully rescued upregulation of CD69 and CXCR6 spinoculation of resting CD4+ T cells (Figures 4D, 4F, S7B, and S7C). This evidence concerns the gene CD69 and infection.