Interestingly, it was found that only IL-8 transcription was significantly affected by pre-treatment of H3N8 (MOI 5) with either LPG or DPPG after 24 h infection, producing a modest reduction in the increased IL-8 expression observed following infection with untreated virus (figure 7g), whereas no significant changes were noted for TNF-α. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.