CRIPTO3 and Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I: Genetic defects impairing leukocyte immune adhesion cause life-threatening diseases; for example, mutations in the ITGB2 gene encoding the common β chain cause the autosomal recessive disease leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-I (LAD-I) characterized by recurring bacterial infections and poor wound healing12,13, and CR3 deficiency alters susceptibility to immune complexes14.