To investigate the role of microglia, we depleted microglia by feeding young PS19 mice a diet containing the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 (PLX)48, followed by inoculating with either brain extract from progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients (Supplementary Fig. 4b) or synthetic K18/PL tau fibrils (Fig. 4a) unilaterally into the hippocampus. The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is Classical progressive supranuclear palsy.