In addition, anti-CTLA-4 and its combined immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 have also been found to be dependent on the activation of RIG-I, which could induce cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigen by CD103+ DCs, caspase-3-mediated tumor cell death and expansion of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells [162, 163]. Here, RIGI is linked to neoplasm.