For this we compared microglial activation and inflammatory response in the brain of wild-type (WT) mice with α7nAChR knock-out (α7nAChR−/−) mice after intraperitoneally injection with live Escherichia (E.) coli. Previously we suggested that this infection model simulates the clinical situation closely and therefore is more suited than inoculation with LPS [9]. This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA7 and infection.