PTGS2 and neoplasm: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme for the initiation of inflammatory responses [10, 11], and it also participates in the initiation and development of a variety of inflammatory conditions by promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, increasing the invasion ability of tumor cells, and inhibiting the immune function of the body [12–15].