In this study, we reported for the first time that peripheral CD8+ T cell as an independent predictor for NAT efficacy, and one possible explanation for the mechanism is that chemotherapy would kill tumor cells rather than peripheral CD8+ T cells,32 and lysis of tumor cells results in exposure of tumor‐associated antigens to dendritic cells, which may activating naive peripheral CD8+ T cells for further immune response and influence NAT efficacy in a reply. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.