To score the clinical correlation with S100A9, several cohorts of patients with brain metastasis and lung cancer (n = 22), breast cancer59,60 (n = 42) or melanoma (n = 34) were selected based on the presence of patients who received neurosurgery followed by radiotherapy (Fig. 5a and Supplementary Tables 15–17). Here, S100A9 is linked to lung carcinoma.