Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), principally represented by monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have transformed the therapeutic paradigm and become the pillar regimens for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1, 2]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.