However, when detecting a pathological stimulation, such as infections, mechanical trauma, poorly folded proteins, and ischemia [4], microglia quickly modifies its morphology, expressing a reactive phenotype with pro-inflammatory effects, synthesizing and secreting cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β [5], activating nitric oxide synthesis -2 enzyme, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and C–C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), which in turn promotes the elevation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [6], aiming to eliminate the aggressive stimulation and repair the tissue damage [1, 7]. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is ischemia.