Selected non-coding RNAs may distinguish different TEN histotypes, given their differential expression in normal thymi, thymomas and TC, target various molecular oncogenic pathways involved in TEN pathophysiology, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, the FoxO, or the HIF-1 signaling pathway, as well as regulate immune cell proliferation and activation in thymomatous MG. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is thymic epithelial neoplasm.