TNF and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: In comparison with dextran sulfate solution (DSS) alone in mice, DSS with each of these BGs did not alter the weight loss, stool consistency, colon injury (histology and cytokines), endotoxemia, serum BG, and fecal microbiome but Pachyman–DSS-treated mice demonstrated the highest serum cytokine elicitation (TNF-α and IL-6).