AHR and chronic kidney disease: Currently, there are some proposed mechanisms linking dysbiotic gut microbiota to CKD and related complications, such as alterations of the gut microbiome, dysregulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and their receptors, activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), increases of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and microbiota-derived uremic toxins [14,25,26,27,28,29].