We used the following search terms: “chronic kidney disease”, “developmental programming”, “DOHaD”, “reprogramming”, “gut microbiota”, “probiotics”, “prebiotics”, “synbiotics”, “postbiotics”, “mother”, “pregnancy”, “gestation”, “offspring”, “progeny”, “uremic toxin”, “nephrogenesis”, “nephron number”, “kidney”, “aryl hydrocarbon receptor”, and “hypertension”. This evidence concerns the gene AHR and hypertensive disorder.