TNF and Sepsis: For example, in mice subjected to CLP-induced sepsis, NF-κB was activated by the elevated H2S, leading to an upregulation of the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2), the rolling and adherence of leukocytes, the expressions of various adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin and E-selectin) and eventually exaggerated lung injury and liver injury [136,137].