The relationships between CML, M-CSF, and VCAM-1 in diabetic patients with microangiopathy suggest that, beside the inflammatory reaction involved in the genesis of atherosclerotic lesions, endothelial activation can result, not only in vascular hyperpermeability, but also in the alteration of the microvasculature. Here, CSF1 is linked to chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.