CD38 and cancer: We found that HO-1 overexpression led to the upregulation of several CSC markers (Cd38, Eng, Kit, Itga6); genes involved in essential signaling pathways (Hippo, Notch, Hedgehog, STAT/NFκB, Wnt), self-renewal (Nanog), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Snai2); and cancer therapeutic target genes (Atm, Chek1, Abcg2, Wee1) (Figure 1c).