SERPINE1 and snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration: For similar reasons, markers of axonal damage, i.e., neurofilament light chain (NFL), together with CSF α-1 antitrypsin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and apolipoprotein H (ApoH) have been found to increase very early in the CSF in SVD [106,107,108].