Moreover, the oral administration of heat-inactivated L. fermentum IM12 isolated from human gut microbiota significantly suppressed NF-kB activation and in vitro expression on LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages, and in vivo on mouse models of carrageenan-induced hind-paw oedema or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis [132]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colitis.