TNF and colitis: In a colitis-associated colon cancer mouse model, L. bulgaricus decreased intestinal inflammation and reduced tumour levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α [118]; L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus and B. bifidum also reduced TNF-α and increased IL-10 in the colon of this mouse type [119].