VCAM1 and neoplasm: Although the effect of increased VCAM-1 expression on EC is more prominent in the retention and transmigration of leukocytes during inflammatory or neoangiogenic process, it is known that tumor cell adhesion and metastasis were also affected, as these cells express VCAM-1-binding ligands such as VLA-4 and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) [54,55].