During ischemia, there is an increase in the cardiomyocyte concentration of Na+ due to the exchange with protons via the activation of the SL Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE), which causes the activation of the SL Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in reverse mode, resulting in an increase in the intracellular Ca2+-concentration [124]; thus, the inhibition of NHE has been observed to attenuate intracellular Ca2+-overload [125]. The gene discussed is SLC9C1; the disease is ischemia.