INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Saponin-free methanol extract of M. charantia pulp juice (150 mg/2 mL water) showed significant hypoglycemic effects both in fasting (p < 0.05 at 120 min) and in postprandial states in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) model rats, through improving the insulin secretory capacity of B cells and enhancing insulin action, indicating the presence of non-sapogenin hypoglycemic compound(s) in M. charantia fruit pulp [40].