CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Recently, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab (anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies), atezolizumab and durvalumab (anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies), and ipilimumab and tremelimumab (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibody) has dramatically altered the approach of advanced NSCLC treatment.