CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Several studies are now ongoing, addressing the crucial role of novel modulator therapies in decreasing the long-term incidence/prevalence of chronic and recurrent airway infections; taken together, the preliminary results of these studies suggest that the available CFTR modulators, particularly IVA, may favourably impact CF microbiology, and are capable of decreasing the prevalence of bacteria particularly the key CF pathogen P. aeruginosa in treated patients, although contrasting results have been reported and the long-term duration of these effects is currently unclear.