As the aggregation of pathogenic ataxin-3 precedes toxicity in our Drosophila models of SCA3/MJD [39,40,41,42,43], we next wondered whether RAN species were trapped in larger aggregates, along with full-length ataxin-3, and thus may not have migrated properly into a standard SDS-PAGE gel. This evidence concerns the gene RAN and Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.