In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE1 cells, in response to TGF-β1 treatment, along with the upregulation of YB-1, increased the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin, while significantly downregulating the expression of E-cadherin and promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC cells [59]. This evidence concerns the gene VIM and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.