ACE2 and colitis: These data demonstrate that, in the colon, GPBAR1 functions as a positive regulator of ACE2, which is consistent with the general view that ACE2 is an anti-inflammatory gene, as demonstrated by the fact that Ace2 gene ablation worsens the severity of inflammation in mouse models of colitis and angiotensins 1–7 exert direct anti-inflammatory effects [37].