Upregulation of alarmins has also been reported at the gene expression level in a recent study by Griffiths et al., where mRNA analysis of skin biopsy samples of atopic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals has shown that IL-33-related genes are elevated in both lesion and non-lesion skin samples, whereas TSLP genes are upregulated significantly in lesion compared to non-lesion skin [254]. This evidence concerns the gene TSLP and atopic eczema.